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Discussion on the second part of the U.S.-German translation and the culturaldifferences in dealing with the different translation. Four integral part of thethesis. First concentrate on T. S. Eliot's "Waste Land" of the French and Germantranslations in different times. The building is composed of a number ofparameters in the model. The cultural ramifications for the original description(cultural references), and asked for the translator These cultural factors atthe moment. Mainly in the following six parameters : 1. cultural ramificationsof clarity (from the most delicate cultural connotations beyond doubt that thecultural stereotypes); 2. scope (or belonging to a special, a certain class orbelong to a particular country or culture with universal); 3. character(religion, literature, art, sports, lifestyle, etc.); 4. Historical Dimension(located in the specific historical and cultural ramifications period) 5. Texttypes; 6. or nature of integration (to what extent cultural ramifications forfinancial integration with the works). This parameter analysis of six differenttranslator and cultural ramifications of the "wilderness" of the differenttranslation provide a practical framework. However, the article pointed out thatother literature or other works : / language / cultural translation studies,according to the actual situation may need to add a new parameter or derogatefrom the established parameters. In addition, the parameters of a scene Contextis very important in another context might become insignificant scenes.
Similarly, the gap between cultures. Cultural resources in the mostunimaginative in the cultural ramifications may be translated into Chineseculture has become a prominent issue. German papers concentrate on the secondpart of the translator to translate Jack London's "Call of the Wilderness",Translation for the different material and cultural terms. The view that thisanalysis can be achieved three "special" (distinctive) purpose. First, in termsof the same text can be found : the interrelationship between different; Second,Translator for the original works can be revealed, the depth and translationart. However, I think that these two purposes for a total of LiteraryTranslation Institute and the Institute of Translation is not unique culturalexpressions. Only third objective will truly have their peculiarities hasrevealed that the same version of the translator for the original familiar withthe different social and natural background levels. The translator attachesgreat importance to study because they are not familiar with the original textfrom the cultural background of various phenomena. Title III thesis researchfocused political culture, explore the impact of German translator in thepolitical system under review, Owen to the "Rip Van Winkle" for the change. Thispaper shows that cross-cultural research in this area is low, because "to theoriginal and asked, We can be more accurate than just original research reviewsystem to evaluate the consequences "(1991 Hulpke : 74). Title IV of Germantranslator to translate papers of Mark Twain's "Tennessee journalism", ForAmerican humorous manner. In view of Germany and the United States for theapparent difference in the views of humor, Translator conscious of the variouschanges to the original text, and not to increase the number of originalcompositions readers have a similar view in Germany humorous effects. Worthmentioning is that the part of the papers have a common ground, that is focusingon the description of the structure or model of the universal laws of theexcavation. The author shows only describe as a specific text mode or universalsignificance of the case.
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Three papers from the third component. Translation of the first papers toexplore drama, the characters and the name and title of the translation ofsocial history and cultural meaning. In this paper describes the history, of thethree centuries since the French-Polish and Polish-German / English translationof a theater system. Names on the figures, mainly in the following fiveTranslation : 1. Copy not been translated; 2. According to the translation intothe spelling and pronunciation rules to cultural assimilation version 3.
translated into the corresponding language used to replace its current name; 4.
Originally meant only translation (semantic translation); 5. Originally onlyused in the transmission of certain artistic methods (some figures to reflectthe characteristics). As the title characters, mainly the following way : 1.
Ellipsis 2. Add 3. 4 copy. Change; 5. Semantic Translation 6. alternative. Ifthe text below, the name and title of people's cultural identity is an importantmarker, Translation often lead to two in the historical context, both social andcultural conflict between the statutes. Translator facing these conflicts havetaken various measures to deal with them. After two papers on the part of boththe theoretical discussion of the issue translatability. It can be said thatthey are a very large extent that it deviates from the book describing thehistory of the track.
Overall, the book display describing the history of Translation Studies, themain features and functions. It reveals a translator in the context of specificscenes by various translation and tapping all the relevant social, historicaland cultural reasons. In addition, based on the analysis of actual, summed upwith certain universality and procedures guiding the translation, translation,Translation of research principles and parameters. Worth mentioning is that thebook is only a hypothetical answer certain questions, many of its conclusionsare also somewhat speculative. This reflects a historical description of themethod are difficult to overcome limitations : Today's researchers to explorethe past to translate the translation of a historical period, will unavoidablylack of a firm "facts" or first-hand information on the obstacles, it is knownonly in the light of the judgment made all kinds of conjecture, but thesejudgments are always some insights and inspiration.
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3The two books mentioned above have strong empirical. In contrast with Gorlee"Semiotics and the Translation" is a representative of pure research. Charles SPierce book will be used to translate the theoretical study of philosophy andsymbols. In addition to a comprehensive and in-depth exposition of the theoryPierce, The book to have a "complementary" or complementary theories in thepaper, including Wittgenstein's philosophy of language. Walter Benjamin's theoryof language and translation of the Roman Jacobsen of the three theories.
Semiotics theories in translation theory and the role of a bridge between someplays.
The central theme of the book can be briefly summarized in a sentence : Symbolexplained the process of translation (translation is semiosis). Symbol explainedthe process (semiosis) involves three factors : symbols, symbols of the materialreferred to. Symbols of the symbols (interpretant). "Symbol explained," weexplained in the original elaborate symbols, their minds that a new symbol.
Symbol explained the process is open and infinite nature. The firstinterpretation in the interpretation of a symbol, on the formation of a newinterpretation of symbols. The second interpretation of those symbols canexplain to this interpretation, thereby generating a new interpretation ofsymbols. Unlimited extension of this process can go on to form a continuouschain to explain the symbols. In other words, to explain the significance of theprocess to constitute a new generation in the process. From the angle ofobservation, the translation can be regarded as a never-ending, ever-changingprocess of evolution (see below). In addition, under the symbol Pierce theory toexplain the process for the vital signs of life. Only through symbolicinterpretation / translation will be meaningful. When a symbol could not explain/ translation, his life would come to an end. From this perspective, the purposeof the translation is not reappearance of the original meaning. but to mobilizeand potential significance as a symbol of the text, to enable it to gain newlife.
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