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Key words: translation studies, developments, representative booksSince the early 1980s of the 20th century, the rapid progress intranslation studies. If Western Translation Studies in the 1960s and 1970s waslargely attributed to the rapid development of the rapid development ofLinguistics, In the past two decades, cultural studies, literature,anthropology, information science, cognitive science, Generalized psychology andlinguistics and so on the subject of translation played a larger role in thedevelopment (see Gentzle r 1993, elastin & Shreve 1992). Although thetranslation of a scene vary, but in recent years can be said to hold a dominantposition there are two main factions : One generalized to the Linguistics(especially text linguistics and textual analysis), based committed to thetranslation of scientific nature of the building and development experience; Theother, from a historical perspective by describing the approach to the study oftranslation. The intention is to reveal the translation contained in the studyand practice of cultural and political factors (see Venuti, 1997).
This paper published in the 1990s through the 20th century translation of thethree Western representative study tour look at the development of some newfeatures in translation studies. These three books were Description HATIM (BasilHatim), "written by cross-cultural communication : Text Translation Theory andComparative Linguistics, "(1997); Harold Kittel (Harald Kittel) and Amin Frank(Armin Frank ), editor-in-chief of "cross-cultural translation of the Historyand Literature" (1991); DING Da Gorlee (Dinda Gorlee) "written translation andSemiotics" (1994). On the three books, HATIM book can be regarded as the firstmajor study groups mentioned above, the typical book Frank Kittel and is thesecond-largest faction in the party, however, were made. While this is entirelydifferent from the two major parties, but there is a conspicuous common point,that is strong empirical. In contrast with Gorlee "Semiotics and theTranslation," a book is pure research representatives. Three books by thisinvestigation, we can not only a Limited. Translation Studies today to see thetwo major factions of the West, some features pure research but also someunderstanding of the West.
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1A two decades, Contrastive Linguistics, Translation and Text Linguistics hasmade considerable progress, But these three studies combined with the theory isstill rare. HATIM the "cross-cultural communication," a book of the laudableefforts made in this respect (see Shen 1999). HATIM discourse in the bookdealing with a theoretical model. It contains context, the three mostorganizations discourse structure and discourse. Discussion in context, HATIMadopt the language field theory (the theory of register). But learning to uselanguage and semiotics (mainly intended for research) is also included in theRegister analysis,HATIM that "Conventionality Communication" (T InstitutionalCommunicative ransaction) "Pragmatic" (Pragmatic Action) and the "symbolicinteractionism" (I Semiotic nteraction) Context components for the three typesof discourse, Discourse discourse structure and play a decisive role. He citedthe model as a framework, between the English and Arabic translation of theanalysis of text types, Text discourse structure and organization of the system.
Discourse on the type, HATIM explanation and demonstration of culturaldistinction between the two categories. On the structure of the text, paragraphsdivided mainly HATIM, embedded in the main text of the role of the sub-text ofthe topic. As for the text, HATIM discussed that the main text, Inc., theconvergence between the sentence means Direct and Indirect Speech other factors.
Copies of the author's discourse on the mode of treatment after full discussion,and broaden the scope, In view of the relationship between text types andpoliteness strategy. how to deal with two different cultures from thenon-fiction text, and how to translate the texts of the issues constituentsIrony discussion.
Overall, the book has the following characteristics : (1) a large number ofLinguistics and Translation Studies based on the theory of a similar theory, atheoretical model for the book center layer to promote discussion, it issystemic. (2) In contrast with the traditional theory of linguistic translation,the book stressed the role of situational context. For example, Chapter 11 ofthe discourse in the language of emotional expression means, and focus on powerrelationships and ideological implications. (3) the book is to explore the levelof discourse over this type of sentence, discourse and discourse, and theinteraction between the three levels of concern (see Nord 1991). (4) The bookfocusing on the translation of the overall strategy. For example, to examine thedirect / indirect quotation, HATIM write news reports that the Arabs areaccustomed indirect quotation. English press reports on the direct quotationstranslated into Arabic, the translator should adopt an indirect or "semi-direct"in the form of this function can achieve in such rhetoric. Because of thesecharacteristics, the book reveals a better mechanism for the combination of textand some of the important process of communication, Translation Studies toprovide a lot of new insights. As Neubert and Schleif said, the text will betranslated to other models based on linguistics, "the level of discourse andcommunication. rather than sentences and vocabulary level. " So for TranslationStudies provided "more powerful than the sentence linguistic analysis tools"Worth mentioning is that the book is not only committed to comparativelinguistics and applied linguistics text translation, Translation Studies andtested by using these two languages, and rich schools. At this point, it isdifferent from the model as a tool for translation only to study linguistics.
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The book proved "conducting comparative analysis, if not impossible to achieveon the basis of complete words. Similarly, Discourse Analysis based on thecomparative lack of integrity will be hard to reach. Language translation is themost applicable comparison with the research framework. "2Since the 1980s the 20th century by the tide of cultural studies, translationstudy of the history and culture have received increasing attention. Worthmentioning is that the model based on the translation and linguistics to studyin contrast, Descriptive methods using historical research in general isconcerned only with the translation of literary texts. Frank Kittel and the book"History of Literary Translation and Cross-cultural studies" is the new trend ofTranslation Studies representative. Epic roots are German, the author of thiscollection of literary translation Research Center scholar. The book consists ofthree parts. The first part contains three papers focused on the German in the18th century, French works indirectly through the intermediary will betranslated into English and German translation. The first paper, based on theFrench language and cultural impact : the size of France and Germany translatorfor the different attitudes will indirectly translate English novel translatedinto four categories, causing them to explore in depth the reasons for thedifferences between, this reveals the complexity of cultural translation of the18th century in Germany. The second paper argues that examples : Although theliterary translation in French intermediary had disappeared around 1770. But inthe nature and scope of non-fiction texts, which indirectly translation hascontinued to the 18th century. The two are not synchronous to the cause of thevarious historical and cultural reasons for the analysis and study. Title III ofpapers devoted to a French translation of the German intermediary Autobiographyof Benjamin Franklin. This paper analyzes the different translation ofFranklin's autobiography, which contains the different characteristics andsignificance excavation and the resulting characteristics of these differentideologies, aesthetic and cultural aspects of the dynamics.
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